Syringe



Patented Aug. lll, i925.

Sllllhlll JOHN L. KAZll/IOUSKY, OF BOSTN, MASSACHUSETTS.

SYRINGE.

Application filed May 19, 1922.

To @ZZ fic/z om 'it may concern` Be it known that l, JoniN L. KAZMoUsirv, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident lof Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and whose post-ofiice address is :#1409 Broadway, South Boston, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Syringes, of which the following,l is a specication.

This invention relates to syringes such for instance as are commonly used by dentists, physicians, and surgeons to inject anais thetic fluids into the body of persons about to undergo dental or surgical operations.

in object of the invention is to produce a syringe of this class that provides for the reinforcement of the fluid containing cylinder against internal pressure due to the power applied to the fluid to force it therefrom.

A further object of the invention is to so construct and arrange the reinforcing devices as to compensate for rapid expansion of the fluid cylinder, which is usuallyv made of glass, in such manner that the possibilities of cylinder breakage due to expansion will be reduced to the minimum.

A still further object of the inventionis to provide a removable cylinder head, which has an outlet therein for the passage of fluid and to which the needle is attached, of such construction and arrangement that 1Qradual or even sudden expansion of the said cylinder may take place without causing` cylinder breakage.

Heretofore considerable trouble and inconvenience has been experienced due to cylinder breakage caused by excess power being applied to the plunger to force the fluid through the small hole of the needle.

rlhe hole of the needle is small compared with the diameter yof the plunger, and consequently when excess of power is applied to said plunger to force the fluid through said hole, the relief ofthe pressure is very gradual and unless the pjlass cylinder is unusually tounh and without flaws and the ends thereof find perfect bearings in the enclosing' case, a crack is very apt to occur therein and quite often total destruction takes place at a critical time.

In a `great majority of instances where internal pressure caused the cylinders to crack, it has been found that the crack appeared lengthwise thereof, which .indicated i Serial No. 562,129. v I

the necessity of reinforcing or pressure resisting agents or mediums of a character that would immediately operate to relieve the cylinder of the brunt of the pressure and at the same time capable of permitting the cylinder to expand durinfr the sterilizingI process without fear of cracking or breaking at those times.

rl`he present invention includes in its scope a means to reinforce the cylinder against destructive internal pressure, said means being preferably permanently attached to said cylinder, but not necessarily so, and of such a character as to compensate for the eX- pansion of said cylinder during` the sterilizing process to a degree sufficient-ly to allow the said process to be undertaken successfully and without detriment to the cylinder.

Eleietofore it has been compulsory to re more the cylinder head, to which the needle is secured, and which snugly fits into the cylinder, before the sterilizing process took place.

rllhc necessity of the removal of the head was due to the unequal expansion of the head and the cylinder when they were not separated but were plunged into boiling liquid and allowed to remain there for indefinite periods.

The unequal expansion almost invariably caused the cylinder to crack if not actually break, the occurrence of either being sufcient to render it valueless for further use.

The present invention also includes a cylinder head of such construction and arrangement as to efficiently function in its intended capacity, and furthermore the necessity of its removal prior to the sterilizoperation is eliminated, as it is of such character as to adapt itself to heat conditions in such a satisfactory manner that its presence in the cylinder, duringthe said operations, causes no ill effects thereupon.

It is not known lthat syringes of this class have ever been supplied with means to relieve the cylinders thereof of destructive internal pressure, which means is also capable of undergoing' the sterilizing process while attached to the cylinder without detriment thereto.

Nor is it known that a cylinder head has ever been used that may be assembled with the fragile cylinder and in that condition subjected to immersion in, boiling Water or other sterilizingry means',v for' comparatively long intervals without detriment to the said cylinder7 consequently it is not the intention to limit this invention to the precise construction and arrangement herein shown as it is obvious that changes might be made therein without departing from its spirit and scope.

The invention further consists in certain novel features of construction and arrangement which will be fully understood from a description of the drawings and the claims hereinafter given.

Of the drawings:

Figure 1 represents in side elevation one form of syringe to which the present invention is applied.

Figure 2 is a view sii'nilar to Figure 1 but showing the casing in section and the cylin der partially broken away to show the piston or plunger therein.

Figure 3 an enlarged section view through the cylinder as removed from the casing, showing the preferred form of reinforcing agents permanently attached thereto and the cylinder head in elevation.

Figure 4: a section on the line l-l Figure 3.

Figure 5 an enlarged view similar to the upper portion of Figure 3 showing` a slightly modified form of attaching one of the reinforcing agents to the cylinder.

Figure 6 a bottom plan view of the casingl showing squared hole to be described.

Like characters represent like parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings:

The drawings herewith show a form of syringe conveniently adapted to illustrate the application o-f the present invention, but it will be obvious that it may be applied to other forms of syringes with equally efficient results.

rlhe casing 10 is or may be of any usual size or form desired, and may have openings therein as at 11 through which a view of the cylinder 12 may be had to note the contents thereof.

Suitable linger grips 13 may be provided which are adapted to act in conjunction with the bar 14 against which the base of the thumb will be pressed when it is desired to forcibly eject fluid from the said cylinder. The said bar 14: is located as usual at the end of the piston or plunger rod 15 to which is attached in any suitable manner the plunger or piston head 16 as usual.

lnfthisinstance the casingr 10 has a square sided 'opening at the bottom thereof through which a portion of theplug-like member or cylindery head 17protrudes.,the said head beingvslabbed or' square sidedas at v18 to engage the square sided .opening referred to, Aandi'also hasa shoulder 19 formed thereon whiclrfnieets andindsa stopVV against the bottomu 2O of said casing lbetween which and a screw plug 22 the cylinder l2 is clamped in place. At the top the said casing is provided with an internally threaded opening 21 into which is screwed the piston rod guide plug 22.

By unscrewing the said plug 22 the cylinder 12 and the head 17 with the attached needle 23 may be withdrawn from the casing l0.

The syringe just briefly described is a structure that is very familiar to the medical profession.

The present invention while very simpl in itself, has proved to be a very cliieient one and is particularly valuable when an antesthetic has been used and the syringe allowed to stand a while before being` taken apart to sterilize.

Certain anresthet-ics have a tendency to cause the cylinder head to freeze in the cylinder if not cleaned directly after using, and in such cases an attempt to separate them results in breakage of the cylinder, and in the past when lthe cylinder and the head when assembled were subjected to the sterilizing action of boiling water, the cylinder generally cracked or became broken.

ln the present instance each end of the cylinder 12 is provided with a reinforcing)l ring or ferrule 25 and if desired an additional one may be located as at 26.

The said ferrules are mounted on the cylinder in a novel manner: grooves 2T being; cut in the cylinder and similar grooves 2S being` eut in the ferrules, the said ferrules which are slightly larger in diameter than the cylinder are positioned on the cylinder and a soft metal 29 is run between them to lill the space therebetween.

The said metal also fills in the grooves 27 and 28 in such manner that when the metal becomes cool and hardens the ferrule will be securely held from longitudinal movement relatively to the cylinder.

lf preferred the ferrule may be made as shown in Figure 5 wherein the ends of the ferrule are turned inwardly to form a wide groove and the metalv run in to .till the space as before, thus effectively securing the ferrule against longitudinal movement.

In either instance, the metal 29 is one that preferably approximates the expansibility of glass and softer than the metal of the ferrule and consequently affords a cushionlike band around the cylinder between it and the ferrule that receives the brunt of cylinder pressure and transmits it to the ferrule and yet capable of yieldingl slightly when called upon to do so.

It will be evident that ferrules mounted and disposed as above described will greatly add to the pressure resisting qualities of the fragile cylinder` and furthermore they need not heremoved therefrom when it is to be sterilized.

Another feature of the invention consists in the novel construction of the cylinder head or plug` l? `which is composed chieilj-,fv of metal usually used in such devices and is centrally bored at 30 to form a passage for the fluid from the cylinder to the passage Si of the needle A. deep countersink e2 is made at the upper end of the plus l?" of such diameter as to leave a thin shell 33 into which is run a quantity of soft metal haying' the saine qualities and function as the metal 29; through which a. liole bored to communicate with hole SO of the plug Neccssarily he. plug; l? must lit snugly in the cylinder l2 in a non-lef ',ble n' incr; and therefore if no provision were made to compensate for the unequal expansion of the metal plug.;` and the glass cylinder' or if no provision were made 'for oue or the other to yield it will be readily seen that the cyl.- inder Would either crack or break if immersed in boiling- Water when assembled.

rPhe use of the metal hoiveveny in conjunction with the thin shell 33 toi' a structure which meets the requirements and consequently if the plug` cannot be readilji7 separated from the cylinder they may be put into boiling Water and alloived to remain there the required time Without causingl injury to the said cylinder.

lt will be noted that a portion of the plus 17 is slightly conical as at l0 which does not contact with the cylinder because of the fact that at approximately that part the shell 33 joins the main body of the plug and the resiliency thereof is greatly limited and if contact took place the eliiciency of the cushionlike metal would be lost.

rlhe Wall or shell 3?) is so thin that it cannot exert sufficient outward pressure on the cylinder to cause it any injury when expansion takes place, and will quickly yield to pressure due to contacting` of the cylinder.

The soft metal plug Sil serves to yielding; ly reinforce the shell 33 so that the shell will not becomemisshapen as would be the case if it Was not used. Furthermore it is desirable to eject all, or nearly all the liquid in the cylinder, and if a plug such as 34 was not used, an amount of liquid equal. to the capacity of the countersunl; portion 32 would be left therein as the piston head 1G cannot advance beyond or into the said shell 33.

it will be understood that the shell 33 must yield to the expanding and contracting actions of the heavier parts l2 and Sl, the latter having approximately the same eX- pansibility as the cylinder 12, thus a suffciently tight joint is made between the cylinder l2 and head 17 Without of breakage to the cylinder, and more of the liquid may be ejected from the cylinder than if the soft metal plug 34e was not used.

Having described the invention l claim:

l. In a syringe of the class described, a cylinder; a cylinder plug` having an outlet therein smaller in dian'ietcr th said cylinder; a piston adapted to fore nai-fl from said cylinder through said outlet; and means comprising a plurality of soft metal bands having hard metal bands supe osed thereon so arranged as to form yicldi reinforcements for said cylinder whereby ef:- cess pressure in said cylinder will be transmitted to said reinforcements; thereby enabling said cylinder to resist said pressure.

2. In a syringe of the class described. a cylinder; a cylinder plug' lia-ving` an outlet therein smaller in diameter than the bore of said cylinder; a plunger adapted to force fluid from said cylinder through said outlet: and cylinder reinforcing` means coniprisingsoft metal cylinder encircling' bands having,` hard metal bands super-posed thereon whereby excess pressure in said cylinder will be transmitted to said reinforcement. thereby enabling' said cylinder to resist said pressure.

8. In a syringe of the class described, a cylinder; a cylinder head having` an outlet therein smaller in diameter than the bore of said cylinder; a piston adapted to force fluid from said cylinder through said outlet; ferrules adjacent the ends of said cylinder coinposed of comparatively hard metal: cushions of comparatively soft metal intermediate said ferrules and aid cylinder; and means formed on said cylinder and in said ferrules adapted to coact with said soft metal to retain said ferrules. cushions and cylinder in operative relation.

l. In a device of the class described, a cylinder; a plug in one end thereof having` an outlet therethrough; a piston adapted to eject fluid from said cylinder through said outlet; a plurality of fer-rules encircling said cylinder; cushions of soft metal interposed between said cylinder and said ferrules; and means coacting With said soft met-al to retain said ferrules relatively to said cylinder.

5. In a syringe of the class described. a cylinder; a plug` in one end thereof having an outlet therethrough; a piston adapted to eject `fluid from said cylinder through said outlet: a plurality of ferrules encircling' said cylinder; cushions of soft metal interposed between said ferrules and said cylinder; said cylinder having depressions therein adapted to receive a quantity of said soft metal from the main body thereof; means coacting with said ferrules and said soft metal to retain said ferrules relatively to said cylinder; and a casing for said cylinder1 6. In a syringe of the class describedq a cylinder; a plug;l in one end thereof having` an outlet therethrough; a piston adapted to expel fluid from said cylinder through said outlet; a ferrule of comparatively hard rietal at each end of said cylinder; said cylinlut) llll

der having grooves therein to receive soft nietei; smid errnlcs having grooves therein also adapted to receive soft metal; a filling' of relatively soft nietel having zipproxiinately the saine e.\;pensibility glass interposed between seid ferrules and said cylinder in such nienner :is to coect with said grooves whereby i'errnles are retained in position cn seid cylinder; end a casing` adapted to receive and retain said cylinder in operative position.

7. In u syringe er the class described, e. cylinder; a piston adapted to force fluid 'troni said cylinder` through the outlet pessen'e; reinforcing ineens concting With said cylinder adapted to resist internal pressure therein; a plug at one end or' said cylinder having en outlet passage therethrough, said plug comprising e herd metal body bored et its inner end to provide e thin Walled receptacle; and e. reinforcing` plrg` of soft nietul in seid receptacle.

8. ln a syringe of the cless described, e. cylinder; e. piston adapted to torce Huid troni said cylinder; plug in said cylinder having en outlet therethrough7 said plug; heine' centrally bored and supplied With zx. fitting.' of relatively sott nietzil to therebj.T reiniorce said bored shell.

9. ln a syringe oi the class described, dass cylinder; e piston adapted to force A{ir-,id frein said cylinder; e plug having e. passage therethrough adapted to be inserted in one end et' seid cylinder, the cylinder contectingg` portion of which is reinforced by u nietnl sorter in nature then that of the plug sind :1 casing' adapted to surround said cylinder.

i0. In e device of the class described, :i casing; a cylinder therein; and cylinder re- .in'liorcing` ineens intermediate seid resin; and seid cylinder, said Ineens comprising a plurality of soft metallic. bands having;` herd metallic bends superposed thereon.

llpn e device of the class described. :i casing; e cylindertherein; ineens to cure seid cyiinder in seid casing: seid cyl inde-.r having nietel bands adjacent its ends: said sott nietal bends having herd ne-ai bands superpose/d thereon and extending); beyond said cylinder whereby Contact of seid cylinder with seid casing); and said securing.' ineens is prevented.

1Q. In a device ot the class described, a. cs isii e cylinder therein; ineens to secure said cylinder in said casing; said cylinder haring soit nieta] bends encircling` it adjacent its ends; said sett metal bands having' hard metal bands superposed thereon sind adapted to overlie the outer ends of seid metal bends whereby pressure due to satin cylinder securing` Ineens Will be trainsinitted to siid .ett inctel bends thereby relieving seid cylinder from longitudinal crushing pressure.

13. in e. device of the class described, e cesinglj; e cylinder therein; and cylinder reinfercingf ineens intermediate seid casing end said cylinder and comprising;` soft metallic bands mounted on said cylinder to thereby eliminate breakage thereof when subjected to extreme internal pressure.

Signed by me at Boston, Mass. this 16th day of May, 1922.

JOHN L. KAZMOUSKY. 

